Tornado Cash

Overview

Tornado Cash is a decentralized privacy solution allows users to send and receive transactions anonymously by breaking the on-chain link between the sender and recipient. This is achieved through a smart contract-based mixer that uses ZK proofs to ensure that the transaction details remain private while still verifying the legitimacy of the transaction. The Tornado Cash Dune query can be found here.

Query Structure

The query filters traces sent to the Tornado Cash Verifier contract from one of the Tornado Cash smart contracts. The list of contracts can be found here.

Calculations

• The proof volume is the number of invocations of the Verifier

• The cost is calculated using the following formula:

  • $\text{cost} = \sum_{\text{traces}} \left( \text{gas\_used} \times \text{gas\_price} \times \text{eth\_price} \right)$

  • Where:

    • $\text{gas\_used}$ is the amount of gas consumed by a trace in one of the verifiers

    • $\text{gas\_price}$ is the price of gas on the day of the transaction

    • $\text{eth\_price}$ is the average price of ETH in USD on the day of the transaction